Islamic Art – A Journey from Makkah to Gaza

The 2nd Islamic Arts Biennale in Jeddah is more than just an art exhibition; it’s a pilgrimage through time and cultures, connecting the sacred heart of Islam in Makkah to the resilient spirit of Gaza and showcasing the vast artistic landscape in between. This year’s biennale, held at the King Abdulaziz International Airport’s Western Hajj Terminal, offers a rare opportunity to experience Islamic art in its myriad forms, from ancient manuscripts to cutting-edge contemporary works, all under one roof. The event, running until May 25th, is free and open to the public, inviting visitors to explore the rich tapestry of Islamic artistic expression.

Inspired by the Quranic verse “And Everything in Between,” the biennale, organized by the Diriyah Biennale Foundation, distinguishes itself as the sole international exhibition showcasing both historical and contemporary Islamic art. Representing 21 countries, including Türkiye, Palestine, and even the Vatican, the exhibition transcends geographical boundaries, highlighting the universal language of art and its power to connect diverse communities. This year’s exhibition features an extraordinary collection of artifacts, manuscripts, weaponry, and contemporary art pieces, offering a comprehensive look at the evolution of Islamic art across centuries and continents. This diversity underscores the richness and complexity of Islamic artistic traditions, demonstrating its ability to adapt and evolve across different regions and historical periods.

Related: Saudi Arabia’s Islamic Arts Biennale Announces 2025 Opening Date

A Journey Through Sacred Spaces

The biennale is thoughtfully structured around four thematic sections: Al Bidayah (The Beginning), Al Madar (The Cycle), Al Muqtani (The Collector), and Al Midhallah (The Canopy). These sections spread across a sprawling 100,000-square-meter exhibition space, and guide visitors on a journey of discovery, exploring themes of divine creation, human perception, and artistic interpretation. The sheer scale of the exhibition allows for a comprehensive and immersive experience, providing ample space for each artwork to be appreciated and contemplated.

The journey begins in the Islamic Garden, a serene space featuring Musalla, an open-air prayer area recognized with the prestigious AlMusalla Award. This garden serves as a transitional space, preparing visitors for the journey they are about to embark on. From there, visitors enter Al Bidayah, where they encounter artifacts of immense historical and spiritual significance. Among the highlights are Qurans sent to the Kaaba, the staircase used to access the holy structure, and the iconic Golden Gutter gifted from Istanbul. The recently replaced Kaaba coverings from the previous year are also on display, allowing visitors to walk among them and experience the atmosphere of tawaf, the ritual circumambulation of the Kaaba.

These artifacts offer a tangible connection to the core rituals and traditions of Islam, providing visitors with a deeper understanding of their historical and spiritual significance. The journey continues with contemporary art pieces that offer fresh perspectives on traditional Islamic themes. Italian artist Arcangelo Sassolino’s “Memory of Becoming” presents a mesmerizing display of flowing and transforming paint, symbolizing the constant flux of existence.

Asif Khan’s “Quran,” a striking work crafted from glass, is another contemporary highlight, demonstrating the enduring power of the Quran as a source of artistic inspiration. These contemporary works demonstrate the ongoing dialogue between tradition and innovation in Islamic art, showing how artists continue to engage with and reinterpret traditional themes in new and exciting ways.

Unveiling Scientific and Historical Treasures

Al Madar, the second section, delves into the world of astronomy and science, showcasing invaluable manuscripts from renowned Islamic scholars. Artistic director Abdul Rahman Azzam notes that many of these historical texts still contain knowledge relevant to contemporary scientific understanding. The section features ancient Qurans in Hebrew and Greek, on loan from the Vatican, highlighting the interfaith connections and shared heritage of Abrahamic religions. Manuscripts written by women are also showcased, emphasizing the contributions of women to Islamic intellectual and cultural life.

This section highlights the important role that Islamic scholars played in the development of science and mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, demonstrating the intellectual dynamism of Islamic civilization. A particularly remarkable aspect of the biennale is the reunification of two historic maps drawn by the famed Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi. One map depicts the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Qatar, while the other, usually housed in the Vatican, illustrates the Nile River and its surrounding regions.

This marks the first time these two extraordinary maps have been displayed together, offering a unique glimpse into the sophisticated cartography of the Ottoman era. These maps are not just historical documents; they are works of art in themselves, showcasing the intricate detail and artistic skill of Ottoman mapmakers. Evliya Çelebi’s maps are not only geographically significant; they also provide valuable insights into the cultural and social life of the regions they depict.

Ottoman Treasures and Sacred Artifacts

Al Muqtani showcases a dazzling array of over 100 pieces from Sheikh Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani’s collection and more than 200 items from the Furussiya Art Foundation’s collection. This section is a treasure trove of exquisite jewelry, artifacts, and a stunning collection of Ottoman swords, daggers, shields, and maps. It provides insight into the artistic tastes and cultural values of collectors throughout history. The diverse range of objects on display in this section provides a glimpse into the wealth and sophistication of Ottoman courtly life.

Within Al Muqtani, visitors encounter the Mecca and Medina section, a space dedicated to sacred coverings and chandeliers from the Prophet Muhammad’s tomb. A highlight of this section is an intricately embroidered covering bearing the seal of Sultan Mahmud II. The Mecca section also features Ahmed Mater’s “Magnetism,” a powerful artwork that metaphorically represents the Kaaba as a magnetic center, drawing worshippers from all corners of the globe. Placed before the Kaaba’s covering, the artwork creates a profound and moving visual experience. These sacred objects hold deep religious significance for Muslims and offer a tangible connection to the Prophet Muhammad and the early history of Islam.

Palestine in Focus

The biennale’s vast exhibition space creates an immersive experience, transporting visitors on a journey that connects Makkah and Medina to other significant locations in the Islamic world, including Palestine. Just outside the sections dedicated to Islam’s two holiest cities, the biennale presents “Cut Flowers,” a poignant installation that serves as a powerful tribute to Gaza.

Created by Kuwaiti artist Ala Younis, “Cut Flowers” tells the story of fresh flowers – chrysanthemums, roses, and carnations – that were once exported from Gaza to the Netherlands. Due to the ongoing Israeli occupation and blockades, these flowers now wither, symbolizing the hardships faced by the Palestinian people. The artwork is not just a lament; it is a testament to the resilience and enduring spirit of the Palestinian people, and their ability to find beauty and joy even in the face of adversity. It serves as a powerful reminder of the human cost of conflict and the importance of empathy and understanding. “Cut Flowers” is a powerful example of how art can be used to raise awareness about social and political issues, giving voice to the voiceless and prompting reflection on the human condition.

A Tapestry of Faith, Culture, and Art

The 2nd Islamic Arts Biennale is more than just an exhibition; it’s an experience. It’s a journey through the diverse expressions of Islamic art, from the grandeur of historical artifacts to the thought-provoking statements of contemporary artists. It’s a celebration of faith, culture, and human creativity, connecting Makkah to Gaza and the vast world in between. The Biennale offers a unique opportunity to explore the rich heritage of Islamic art and its enduring relevance in the 21st century. It’s a must-see event for anyone interested in art, history, culture, and the power of human expression.

Don’t miss this chance to embark on a journey of discovery and experience the beauty and depth of Islamic artistic tradition. The exhibition is open to the public, free of charge, at the King Abdulaziz International Airport’s Western Hajj Terminal in Jeddah until May 25th. Plan your visit today and witness the remarkable convergence of art, faith, and culture. The Biennale serves as a bridge between cultures, fostering dialogue and promoting a deeper understanding of Islamic art and its place in the world. It is a testament to the power of art to transcend boundaries and connect people from all walks of life.